India-Pakistan Conflicts: From 1947 War to Operation Sindoor

By Sushant Agarwal

Published on | May 07, 2025

A History of Fire and Fury: India vs Pakistan

Decades of military confrontations, wars, and cross-border strikes define Indo-Pak relations.

October 1947 – January 1949: First Indo-Pak War

Pakistan-backed tribal forces invade Kashmir; ends with UN ceasefire and creation of Line of Control (LoC).

August – September 1965: Second Indo-Pak War

Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar sparks full-scale war; ends with Soviet-brokered Tashkent Agreement on January 10, 1966.

December 3–16, 1971: Bangladesh Liberation War

India enters East Pakistan conflict; war ends with Pakistan's 93,000 soldiers surrendering and birth of Bangladesh on December 16.

May – July 1999: Kargil War

In 1999 Kargil War, India’s Operation Vijay successfully reclaimed occupied posts, securing a decisive victory & reaffirming territorial integrity.

2016: Uri Surgical Strikes

After the 2016 Uri attack, India’s surgical strikes targeted terror camps in PoK, marking a decisive blow to cross-border terrorism.

2019: Balakot Airstrike

In 2019, India avenged the Pulwama attack with the Balakot airstrike, destroying JeM camps and killing over 250 terrorists.

2025: Operation Sindoor

India avenged the Apr 22 Pahalgam attack with missile strikes under Operation Sindoor, neutralizing 80+ terrorists across 9 camps in Pakistan & PoK.

Operation Sindoor: India Destroys 9 Terror Camps in Pakistan & PoK