US federal authorities have charged two Chinese nationals with smuggling a toxic pathogenic fungus into the country, a move that officials warn could pose significant threats to national security.

The FBI claimed that Yunqing Jian, 33, and Zunyong Liu, 34, smuggled a dangerous pathogen called ‘Fusarium graminearum’ to conduct research at an American university.

This fungus is known to cause "head blight," a disease affecting staple crops such as wheat, barley, maize, and rice.

Beyond agricultural damage, the pathogen produces toxins harmful to humans and livestock, leading to vomiting, liver damage, and reproductive issues.

Scientific literature classifies it as a potential agroterrorism weapon due to its capacity to inflict billions of dollars’ worth of economic losses annually.

According to the US Department of Justice, Liu attempted to bring the fungus into the US in July 2024, concealing it in his backpack upon arrival at Detroit Metropolitan Airport.

Initially denying knowledge of the material, Liu later admitted to the intent of conducting research on the pathogen at the University of Michigan, where Jian was employed as a research fellow.

Investigations revealed that Jian had received funding from the Chinese government for related research and had discussed smuggling biological materials with Liu. Both individuals face charges including conspiracy, smuggling, visa fraud, and making false statements.

Links of the couples’ membership and loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party have also been identified.

Jian was arrested and is scheduled to appear in federal court in Detroit. Liu was denied entry into the US and returned to China; due to the absence of an extradition treaty, his prosecution remains uncertain.

The University of Michigan has not commented on the matter, however, authorities have observed that the institution does not have the required permits to handle Fusarium graminearum.

This case highlights growing US concerns over biosecurity and the potential misuse of scientific research for harmful purposes, as a rising need for stringent oversight in international collaborations is emphasised.

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