India’s renewable energy ambitions are high, with a bold target of reaching 500 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity by 2030. This goal, set by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is an essential part of India’s strategy to cut carbon emissions and fight climate change. While the target is undoubtedly ambitious, many experts believe it is achievable, but only if the right investments and infrastructure are put in place. We may have a better idea after results of the World Sustainable Development Summit 2025, which India is hosting.
Currently, solar and wind power are already cheaper than many fossil fuels, with costs ranging between ₹2-3 per kilowatt-hour, making them financially competitive. But the main hurdle is not just generating clean energy—it’s integrating it into the grid. India’s outdated grid systems need significant upgrades to handle the massive influx of renewable energy. Experts estimate that it will take investments upwards of ₹20 trillion for infrastructure improvements, including transmission networks, energy storage systems, and grid modernization.
India’s per capita carbon emissions are relatively low at just 2.2 tonnes, compared to the global average of 6.3 tonnes, making its energy consumption more sustainable. Additionally, the country has made impressive strides in its climate goals, having met its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) nearly a decade ahead of schedule. However, experts also warn that India must continue investing in clean energy solutions to stay on track with its long-term goals, particularly with the 2070 net-zero emissions target.
While the energy transition is crucial for the planet, it also presents significant economic opportunities. Renewable energy could create millions of jobs, especially in rural areas where farmers could get involved in producing clean energy. This shift could help uplift local communities, allowing families to access cleaner energy and inspiring educational and economic growth in the process.
India’s push for renewable energy could also place it at the forefront of global sustainability efforts. If successful, the country could not only meet its own energy needs but also become a leader in renewable energy exports. Still, a lot remains to be done, including securing more investment, expanding storage technologies, and overcoming challenges with the grid. However, India’s path to renewable energy leadership holds promise—not just for the environment, but also for transforming the livelihoods of millions of people.
