Tensions between India and Pakistan have sharply escalated following the recent terror attack in Pahalgam. A military response remains a possibility. Here’s a closer examination of six strategic factors that could shape any confrontation between the two nations.
Troop strength and defence budgets
India maintains a force of approximately 14.6 lakh soldiers, compared to Pakistan’s 6.5 lakh. India’s defence budget stands at ₹81 lakh crore, significantly higher than Pakistan’s ₹83,000 crore. This substantial difference in both manpower and resources indicates a larger capacity to sustain military operations.
Land forces and armoured strength
India possesses around 4,200 tanks, whereas Pakistan fields approximately 2,600 tanks. The numerical superiority in both troops and land-based machinery gives India a decisive advantage on the ground.
Air power capabilities
The Indian Air Force operates advanced aircraft such as Su-30MKIs, Rafale jets, and indigenous Tejas fighters. Pakistan counters with F-16s and JF-17s. Furthermore, India’s S-400 air defence system provides a strong shield against incoming enemy aircraft, further enhancing its aerial superiority.
Naval dominance
The Indian Navy commands a sizeable fleet, including one aircraft carrier, four destroyers, and 17 submarines. Pakistan lacks an aircraft carrier and operates a smaller naval force, placing India in a favourable position in maritime control.
Nuclear arsenal
India holds an estimated 172 nuclear weapons, while Pakistan has 170. Although the numbers are similar, India’s missiles have longer ranges and it operates nuclear submarines, which are difficult to detect and neutralise—providing an additional strategic edge.
International alliances and arms supplies
India sources weapons from multiple nations including Russia, the United States, and France. In contrast, over 82% of Pakistan’s arms imports come solely from China. India’s diversified alliances could prove crucial in sustained conflict scenarios.
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Amid rising tensions between India and Pakistan, the home ministry directed all states and Union territories to organise civil defence exercises and rehearsals in 244 categorised districts on Wednesday, amid heightened tensions between India and Pakistan, following the Pahalgam terrorist attack that killed 26.
